APAC107 - Revision history

Merv at 06:02, 21 June 2009

2009-06-21T06:02:07Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 18:02, 21 June 2009
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	\|-bgcolor=PaleTurquoise		\|-bgcolor=PaleTurquoise
	\|[[APAC155\|'''excursus F''']]		\|[[APAC155\|'''excursus F''']]
			\|-bgcolor=PaleTurquoise
			\|[[APAC157\|'''chapter eight]]
			\|-bgcolor=PaleTurquoise
			\|[[APAC183\|'''excursus G''']]
	\|-bgcolor=PaleTurquoise		\|-bgcolor=PaleTurquoise
	\|[[APAC:Epilogue\|'''epilogue''']]		\|[[APAC:Epilogue\|'''epilogue''']]

Merv at 07:09, 15 December 2008

2008-12-15T07:09:05Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 19:09, 15 December 2008
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	\|-bgcolor=PaleTurquoise		\|-bgcolor=PaleTurquoise
	\|[[APAC142\|'''excursus E''']]		\|[[APAC142\|'''excursus E''']]
			\|-bgcolor=PaleTurquoise
			\|[[APAC155\|'''excursus F''']]
	\|-bgcolor=PaleTurquoise		\|-bgcolor=PaleTurquoise
	\|[[APAC:Epilogue\|'''epilogue''']]		\|[[APAC:Epilogue\|'''epilogue''']]

Merv at 02:49, 20 September 2008

2008-09-20T02:49:25Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 14:49, 20 September 2008
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	\|-bgcolor=PaleTurquoise		\|-bgcolor=PaleTurquoise
	\|[[APAC116\|'''excursus C''']]		\|[[APAC116\|'''excursus C''']]
			\|-bgcolor=PaleTurquoise
			\|[[APAC119\|'''chapter seven]]
			\|-bgcolor=PaleTurquoise
			\|[[APAC140\|'''excursus D''']]
			\|-bgcolor=PaleTurquoise
			\|[[APAC142\|'''excursus E''']]
	\|-bgcolor=PaleTurquoise		\|-bgcolor=PaleTurquoise
	\|[[APAC:Epilogue\|'''epilogue''']]		\|[[APAC:Epilogue\|'''epilogue''']]

Jan: /* Visiting Wallis */

2008-08-05T19:48:34Z

Visiting Wallis

← Older revision		Revision as of 07:48, 6 August 2008
Line 22:		Line 22:


	:Although the ''Lavelua'', king of Wallis, liked the missionaries personally, he and many Wallisians wanted to have nothing to do with their ''lotu''. He was under a lot of pressure to expel them. For a month or more he had prevented Bataillon from meeting with his little band of catechumens. Bataillon used the presence of the new missionaries and their ship to come out into the open – for the first time - with his purpose of converting Wallis. He taunted the King to say openly he wanted the missionaries to leave. After a lot of pushing the Lavelua reluctantly agreed to come on board the ''Reine de Paix'' where he was wined and dined (only to be surprised later on that his ancestral gods had not struck him down for it). Sunday 5 May the band of missionaries sang a High Mass to the accompaniment of a little organ they had brought along. It attracted a lot of people. The ''Lavelua'' himself stayed cautiously away.		:Although the Lavelua, king of Wallis, liked the missionaries personally, he and many Wallisians wanted to have nothing to do with their ''lotu''. He was under a lot of pressure to expel them. For a month or more he had prevented Bataillon from meeting with his little band of catechumens. Bataillon used the presence of the new missionaries and their ship to come out into the open – for the first time - with his purpose of converting Wallis. He taunted the King to say openly he wanted the missionaries to leave. After a lot of pushing the Lavelua reluctantly agreed to come on board the ''Reine de Paix'' where he was wined and dined (only to be surprised later on that his ancestral gods had not struck him down for it). Sunday 5 May the band of missionaries sang a High Mass to the accompaniment of a little organ they had brought along. It attracted a lot of people. The ''Lavelua'' himself stayed cautiously away.

Jan: /* Visiting Wallis */

2008-08-05T19:47:32Z

Visiting Wallis

← Older revision		Revision as of 07:47, 6 August 2008
Line 19:		Line 19:
	=== Visiting Wallis ===		=== Visiting Wallis ===

	:Now they had very favourable weather indeed and in just over two weeks, on 2 May, the ''Reine de Paix'' reached Wallis. After ~~the~~ rumours in Tahiti that Bataillon and Luzy were being harassed, they were overjoyed at finding them safe and in good health. The parcels of letters were the first mail in nearly two and a half years and there were large cases with clothing that could be used as gifts or exchange.<ref> LRO, [[Girard0040\|doc. 40]] [2].</ref> Together they walked all over the island, and both Pierre Bataillon and Joseph Luzy were full of stories on whatever there was to be seen.<ref> Both of them had been writing extensively on Wallis, its people and its customs, resp. LRO, [[Girard0019\|doc. 19]] & [[Girard0028\|doc. 28]]. Bataillon had begun his document in May 1838, and added a few pages in May 1839 on Futuna before handing it to the missionaries on their way to New Zealand, LRO, [[Girard\|doc. 28]] [26 - 31]. </ref> The visit was a terrific boost for the morale of the two isolated missionaries. Wallisian people may at times have wondered if Bataillon and Luzy were all that different from the beachcombers that were well-known and often notorious characters on all Polynesian islands.<ref> LRO, [[Girard0028\|doc. 28]] [26]. Estimates are that in the 1840`s and 1850`s there may have been as many as 2,000 so-called beach-combers scattered all over Polynesia and Micronesia. A few were French, but most were English or Americans, some were escaped convicts from Australia, others deserted sailors or adventurers. The easy-going Polynesians usually tolerated them on their islands and used them for their skills. If any landed on the Melanesian islands, they had no chance of surviving. It took another half century before the tough Melanesians tolerated them on their islands. Cf. Howe, op. cit., pp. 102 –108.</ref> The arrival of this large group of missionaries, and on a ship of their own, undid much of the damage caused by the fact that Bishop Pompallier, having promised to return within six months, had not appeared after eighteen.		:Now they had very favourable weather indeed and in just over two weeks, on 2 May, the ''Reine de Paix'' reached Wallis. After rumours in Tahiti that Bataillon and Luzy were being harassed, they were overjoyed at finding them safe and in good health. The parcels of letters were the first mail in nearly two and a half years and there were large cases with clothing that could be used as gifts or exchange.<ref> LRO, [[Girard0040\|doc. 40]] [2].</ref> Together they walked all over the island, and both Pierre Bataillon and Joseph Luzy were full of stories on whatever there was to be seen.<ref> Both of them had been writing extensively on Wallis, its people and its customs, resp. LRO, [[Girard0019\|doc. 19]] & [[Girard0028\|doc. 28]]. Bataillon had begun his document in May 1838, and added a few pages in May 1839 on Futuna before handing it to the missionaries on their way to New Zealand, LRO, [[Girard\|doc. 28]] [26 - 31]. </ref> The visit was a terrific boost for the morale of the two isolated missionaries. Wallisian people may at times have wondered if Bataillon and Luzy were all that different from the beachcombers that were well-known and often notorious characters on all Polynesian islands.<ref> LRO, [[Girard0028\|doc. 28]] [26]. Estimates are that in the 1840`s and 1850`s there may have been as many as 2,000 so-called beach-combers scattered all over Polynesia and Micronesia. A few were French, but most were English or Americans, some were escaped convicts from Australia, others deserted sailors or adventurers. The easy-going Polynesians usually tolerated them on their islands and used them for their skills. If any landed on the Melanesian islands, they had no chance of surviving. It took another half century before the tough Melanesians tolerated them on their islands. Cf. Howe, op. cit., pp. 102 –108.</ref> The arrival of this large group of missionaries, and on a ship of their own, undid much of the damage caused by the fact that Bishop Pompallier, having promised to return within six months, had not appeared after eighteen.


Line 25:		Line 25:


	:When he understood the ship would go to Futuna, he humbly asked them a favour, to return to Wallis after their visit and bring back some fifteen Wallisians who had sailed in their own craft to Futuna. It gave Bataillon the idea of visiting Chanel and Nizier. He left Brother Joseph alone on Wallis, promising to be back in about ten days. They had a fine ~~North~~-~~Easterly~~ wind and did the forty leagues (+ 220 km) in thirty hours. The chiefly Tuugahala,<ref> Neither Bataillon nor Chanel are consistent in their spelling of this or other names. </ref> who had been a supporter of Bataillon, had received instruction in the Faith and had put his little island of Nukuatea at Bataillon’s disposal as a safe haven for catechumens, went along to serve as a pilot, accompanied by seven other Wallisians.<ref> LRO, [[Girard0032\|doc. 32]] [1] & [[Girard0038\|doc. 38]] [3].</ref>		:When the Lavelua understood the ship would go to Futuna, he humbly asked them as a favour to return to Wallis after their visit and bring back some fifteen Wallisians who had sailed in their own craft to Futuna. It gave Bataillon the idea of visiting Chanel and Nizier. He left Brother Joseph alone on Wallis, promising to be back in about ten days. They had a fine north-easterly wind and did the forty leagues (+ 220 km) in thirty hours. The chiefly Tuugahala,<ref> Neither Bataillon nor Chanel are consistent in their spelling of this or other names. </ref> who had been a supporter of Bataillon, had received instruction in the Faith and had put his little island of Nukuatea at Bataillon’s disposal as a safe haven for catechumens, went along to serve as a pilot, accompanied by seven other Wallisians.<ref> LRO, [[Girard0032\|doc. 32]] [1] & [[Girard0038\|doc. 38]] [3].</ref>

	=== Notes ===		=== Notes ===

Jan: /* Visiting Wallis */

2008-06-30T15:31:36Z

Visiting Wallis

← Older revision		Revision as of 03:31, 1 July 2008
Line 22:		Line 22:


	:Although the ''Lavelua'', king of Wallis, liked the missionaries personally, he and many Wallisians wanted to have nothing to do with their ''lotu''. He was under a lot of pressure to expel them. For a month or more he had prevented Bataillon from meeting with his little band of catechumens. Bataillon used the presence of the new missionaries and their ship to come out into the open – for the first time - with his purpose of converting Wallis. He taunted the King to say openly he wanted the missionaries to leave. After a lot of pushing the Lavelua reluctantly agreed to come on board of the ''Reine de Paix'' where he was wined and dined (~~and~~ later on ~~surprised~~ that his ancestral gods had not struck him down for it). Sunday 5 May the band of missionaries sang a High Mass to the accompaniment of a little organ they had brought along. It attracted a lot of people. The ''Lavelua'' himself stayed cautiously away.		:Although the ''Lavelua'', king of Wallis, liked the missionaries personally, he and many Wallisians wanted to have nothing to do with their ''lotu''. He was under a lot of pressure to expel them. For a month or more he had prevented Bataillon from meeting with his little band of catechumens. Bataillon used the presence of the new missionaries and their ship to come out into the open – for the first time - with his purpose of converting Wallis. He taunted the King to say openly he wanted the missionaries to leave. After a lot of pushing the Lavelua reluctantly agreed to come on board the ''Reine de Paix'' where he was wined and dined (only to be surprised later on that his ancestral gods had not struck him down for it). Sunday 5 May the band of missionaries sang a High Mass to the accompaniment of a little organ they had brought along. It attracted a lot of people. The ''Lavelua'' himself stayed cautiously away.

Jan: /* Visiting Wallis */

2008-06-30T15:14:35Z

Visiting Wallis

← Older revision		Revision as of 03:14, 1 July 2008
Line 19:		Line 19:
	=== Visiting Wallis ===		=== Visiting Wallis ===

	:Now they had very favourable weather indeed and in just over two weeks, on 2 May, the ''Reine de Paix'' reached Wallis. After the rumours in Tahiti that Bataillon and Luzy were being harassed, they were overjoyed at finding them safe and in good health. The parcels of letters were the first mail in nearly two and a half years and there were large cases with clothing that could be used as gifts or exchange.<ref> LRO, [[Girard0040\|doc. 40]] [2].</ref> Together they walked all over the island, and both Pierre Bataillon and Joseph Luzy were full of stories on whatever there was to be seen.<ref> Both of them had been writing extensively on Wallis, its people and its customs, cf. LRO, ~~docs.~~ [[Girard0019\|19]] & [[Girard0028\|28]]. </ref> The visit was a terrific boost for the morale of the two isolated missionaries. Wallisian people may at times have wondered if Bataillon and Luzy were all that different from the beachcombers that were well-known and often notorious characters on all Polynesian islands.<ref> LRO, [[Girard0028\|doc. 28]] [26]. Estimates are that in the 1840`s and 1850`s there may have been as many as 2,000 so-called beach-combers scattered all over Polynesia and Micronesia. A few were French, but most were English or Americans, some were escaped convicts from Australia, others deserted sailors or adventurers. The easy-going Polynesians usually tolerated them on their islands and used them for their skills. If any landed on the Melanesian islands, they had no chance of surviving. It took another half century before the tough Melanesians tolerated them on their islands. Cf. Howe, op. cit., pp. 102 –108.</ref> The arrival of this large group of missionaries, and on a ship of their own, undid much of the damage caused by the fact that Bishop Pompallier, having promised to return within six months, had not appeared after eighteen.		:Now they had very favourable weather indeed and in just over two weeks, on 2 May, the ''Reine de Paix'' reached Wallis. After the rumours in Tahiti that Bataillon and Luzy were being harassed, they were overjoyed at finding them safe and in good health. The parcels of letters were the first mail in nearly two and a half years and there were large cases with clothing that could be used as gifts or exchange.<ref> LRO, [[Girard0040\|doc. 40]] [2].</ref> Together they walked all over the island, and both Pierre Bataillon and Joseph Luzy were full of stories on whatever there was to be seen.<ref> Both of them had been writing extensively on Wallis, its people and its customs, resp. LRO, [[Girard0019\|doc. 19]] & [[Girard0028\|doc. 28]]. Bataillon had begun his document in May 1838, and added a few pages in May 1839 on Futuna before handing it to the missionaries on their way to New Zealand, LRO, [[Girard\|doc. 28]] [26 - 31]. </ref> The visit was a terrific boost for the morale of the two isolated missionaries. Wallisian people may at times have wondered if Bataillon and Luzy were all that different from the beachcombers that were well-known and often notorious characters on all Polynesian islands.<ref> LRO, [[Girard0028\|doc. 28]] [26]. Estimates are that in the 1840`s and 1850`s there may have been as many as 2,000 so-called beach-combers scattered all over Polynesia and Micronesia. A few were French, but most were English or Americans, some were escaped convicts from Australia, others deserted sailors or adventurers. The easy-going Polynesians usually tolerated them on their islands and used them for their skills. If any landed on the Melanesian islands, they had no chance of surviving. It took another half century before the tough Melanesians tolerated them on their islands. Cf. Howe, op. cit., pp. 102 –108.</ref> The arrival of this large group of missionaries, and on a ship of their own, undid much of the damage caused by the fact that Bishop Pompallier, having promised to return within six months, had not appeared after eighteen.

Jan: /* Visiting Wallis */

2008-06-30T15:07:39Z

Visiting Wallis

← Older revision		Revision as of 03:07, 1 July 2008
Line 19:		Line 19:
	=== Visiting Wallis ===		=== Visiting Wallis ===

	:Now they had very favourable weather indeed and in just over two weeks, on 2 May, the ''Reine de Paix'' reached Wallis. After the rumours in Tahiti that Bataillon and Luzy were being harassed, they were overjoyed at finding them safe and in good health. The parcels of letters were the first mail in nearly two and a half years and there were large cases with clothing that could be used as gifts or exchange.<ref> LRO, [[doc. ~~Girard0040\|~~40]] [2].</ref> Together they walked all over the island, and both Pierre Bataillon and Joseph Luzy were full of stories on whatever there was to be seen.<ref> Both of them had been writing extensively on Wallis, its people and its customs, cf. LRO, docs. [[Girard0019\|19]] & [[Girard0028\|28]]. </ref> The visit was a terrific boost for the morale of the two isolated missionaries. Wallisian people may at times have wondered if Bataillon and Luzy were all that different from the beachcombers that were well-known and often notorious characters on all Polynesian islands.<ref> LRO, [[Girard0028\|doc. 28]] [26]. Estimates are that in the 1840`s and 1850`s there may have been as many as 2,000 so-called beach-combers scattered all over Polynesia and Micronesia. A few were French, but most were English or Americans, some were escaped convicts from Australia, others deserted sailors or adventurers. The easy-going Polynesians usually tolerated them on their islands and used them for their skills. If any landed on the Melanesian islands, they had no chance of surviving. It took another half century before the tough Melanesians tolerated them on their islands. Cf. Howe, op. cit., pp. 102 –108.</ref> The arrival of this large group of missionaries, and on a ship of their own, undid much of the damage caused by the fact that Bishop Pompallier, having promised to return within six months, had not appeared after eighteen.		:Now they had very favourable weather indeed and in just over two weeks, on 2 May, the ''Reine de Paix'' reached Wallis. After the rumours in Tahiti that Bataillon and Luzy were being harassed, they were overjoyed at finding them safe and in good health. The parcels of letters were the first mail in nearly two and a half years and there were large cases with clothing that could be used as gifts or exchange.<ref> LRO, [[Girard0040\|doc. 40]] [2].</ref> Together they walked all over the island, and both Pierre Bataillon and Joseph Luzy were full of stories on whatever there was to be seen.<ref> Both of them had been writing extensively on Wallis, its people and its customs, cf. LRO, docs. [[Girard0019\|19]] & [[Girard0028\|28]]. </ref> The visit was a terrific boost for the morale of the two isolated missionaries. Wallisian people may at times have wondered if Bataillon and Luzy were all that different from the beachcombers that were well-known and often notorious characters on all Polynesian islands.<ref> LRO, [[Girard0028\|doc. 28]] [26]. Estimates are that in the 1840`s and 1850`s there may have been as many as 2,000 so-called beach-combers scattered all over Polynesia and Micronesia. A few were French, but most were English or Americans, some were escaped convicts from Australia, others deserted sailors or adventurers. The easy-going Polynesians usually tolerated them on their islands and used them for their skills. If any landed on the Melanesian islands, they had no chance of surviving. It took another half century before the tough Melanesians tolerated them on their islands. Cf. Howe, op. cit., pp. 102 –108.</ref> The arrival of this large group of missionaries, and on a ship of their own, undid much of the damage caused by the fact that Bishop Pompallier, having promised to return within six months, had not appeared after eighteen.

Jan: /* Visiting Wallis */

2008-06-30T15:05:30Z

Visiting Wallis

← Older revision		Revision as of 03:05, 1 July 2008
Line 19:		Line 19:
	=== Visiting Wallis ===		=== Visiting Wallis ===

	:Now they had very favourable weather indeed and in just over two weeks, on 2 May, the ''Reine de Paix'' reached Wallis. After the rumours in Tahiti that Bataillon and Luzy were being harassed, they were overjoyed at finding them safe and in good health. The parcels of letters were the first mail in nearly two and a half years and there were large cases with clothing that could be used as gifts or exchange.<ref> LRO, doc. [[Girard0040\|40]] [2].</ref> Together they walked all over the island, and both Pierre Bataillon and Joseph Luzy were full of stories on whatever there was to be seen.<ref> Both of them had been writing extensively on Wallis, its people and its customs, cf. LRO, docs. [[Girard0019\|19]] & [[Girard0028\|28]]. </ref> The visit was a terrific boost for the morale of the two isolated missionaries. Wallisian people may at times have wondered if Bataillon and Luzy were all that different from the beachcombers that were well-known and often notorious characters on all Polynesian islands.<ref> LRO, [[Girard0028\|doc. 28]] [26]. Estimates are that in the 1840`s and 1850`s there may have been as many as 2,000 so-called beach-combers scattered all over Polynesia and Micronesia. A few were French, but most were English or Americans, some were escaped convicts from Australia, others deserted sailors or adventurers. The easy-going Polynesians usually tolerated them on their islands and used them for their skills. If any landed on the Melanesian islands, they had no chance of surviving. It took another half century before the tough Melanesians tolerated them on their islands. Cf. Howe, op. cit., pp. 102 –108.</ref> The arrival of this large group of missionaries, and on a ship of their own, undid much of the damage caused by the fact that Bishop Pompallier, having promised to return within six months, had not appeared after eighteen.		:Now they had very favourable weather indeed and in just over two weeks, on 2 May, the ''Reine de Paix'' reached Wallis. After the rumours in Tahiti that Bataillon and Luzy were being harassed, they were overjoyed at finding them safe and in good health. The parcels of letters were the first mail in nearly two and a half years and there were large cases with clothing that could be used as gifts or exchange.<ref> LRO, [[doc. Girard0040\|40]] [2].</ref> Together they walked all over the island, and both Pierre Bataillon and Joseph Luzy were full of stories on whatever there was to be seen.<ref> Both of them had been writing extensively on Wallis, its people and its customs, cf. LRO, docs. [[Girard0019\|19]] & [[Girard0028\|28]]. </ref> The visit was a terrific boost for the morale of the two isolated missionaries. Wallisian people may at times have wondered if Bataillon and Luzy were all that different from the beachcombers that were well-known and often notorious characters on all Polynesian islands.<ref> LRO, [[Girard0028\|doc. 28]] [26]. Estimates are that in the 1840`s and 1850`s there may have been as many as 2,000 so-called beach-combers scattered all over Polynesia and Micronesia. A few were French, but most were English or Americans, some were escaped convicts from Australia, others deserted sailors or adventurers. The easy-going Polynesians usually tolerated them on their islands and used them for their skills. If any landed on the Melanesian islands, they had no chance of surviving. It took another half century before the tough Melanesians tolerated them on their islands. Cf. Howe, op. cit., pp. 102 –108.</ref> The arrival of this large group of missionaries, and on a ship of their own, undid much of the damage caused by the fact that Bishop Pompallier, having promised to return within six months, had not appeared after eighteen.

Jan: /* Visiting Wallis */

2008-06-30T15:03:26Z

Visiting Wallis

← Older revision		Revision as of 03:03, 1 July 2008
Line 19:		Line 19:
	=== Visiting Wallis ===		=== Visiting Wallis ===

	:Now they had very favourable weather indeed and in just over two weeks, on 2 May, the ''Reine de Paix'' reached Wallis. After the rumours in Tahiti that Bataillon and Luzy were being harassed, they were overjoyed at finding them safe and in good health. The parcels of letters were the first mail in nearly two and a half years and there were large cases with clothing that could be used as gifts or exchange.<ref> LRO, doc. [[Girard0040]] [2].</ref> Together they walked all over the island, and both Pierre Bataillon and Joseph Luzy were full of stories on whatever there was to be seen.<ref> Both of them had been writing extensively on Wallis, its people and its customs, cf. LRO, docs. [[Girard0019\|19]] & [[Girard0028\|28]]. </ref> The visit was a terrific boost for the morale of the two isolated missionaries. Wallisian people may at times have wondered if Bataillon and Luzy were all that different from the beachcombers that were well-known and often notorious characters on all Polynesian islands.<ref> LRO, [[Girard0028\|doc. 28]] [26]. Estimates are that in the 1840`s and 1850`s there may have been as many as 2,000 so-called beach-combers scattered all over Polynesia and Micronesia. A few were French, but most were English or Americans, some were escaped convicts from Australia, others deserted sailors or adventurers. The easy-going Polynesians usually tolerated them on their islands and used them for their skills. If any landed on the Melanesian islands, they had no chance of surviving. It took another half century before the tough Melanesians tolerated them on their islands. Cf. Howe, op. cit., pp. 102 –108.</ref> The arrival of this large group of missionaries, and on a ship of their own, undid much of the damage caused by the fact that Bishop Pompallier, having promised to return within six months, had not appeared after eighteen.		:Now they had very favourable weather indeed and in just over two weeks, on 2 May, the ''Reine de Paix'' reached Wallis. After the rumours in Tahiti that Bataillon and Luzy were being harassed, they were overjoyed at finding them safe and in good health. The parcels of letters were the first mail in nearly two and a half years and there were large cases with clothing that could be used as gifts or exchange.<ref> LRO, doc. [[Girard0040\|40]] [2].</ref> Together they walked all over the island, and both Pierre Bataillon and Joseph Luzy were full of stories on whatever there was to be seen.<ref> Both of them had been writing extensively on Wallis, its people and its customs, cf. LRO, docs. [[Girard0019\|19]] & [[Girard0028\|28]]. </ref> The visit was a terrific boost for the morale of the two isolated missionaries. Wallisian people may at times have wondered if Bataillon and Luzy were all that different from the beachcombers that were well-known and often notorious characters on all Polynesian islands.<ref> LRO, [[Girard0028\|doc. 28]] [26]. Estimates are that in the 1840`s and 1850`s there may have been as many as 2,000 so-called beach-combers scattered all over Polynesia and Micronesia. A few were French, but most were English or Americans, some were escaped convicts from Australia, others deserted sailors or adventurers. The easy-going Polynesians usually tolerated them on their islands and used them for their skills. If any landed on the Melanesian islands, they had no chance of surviving. It took another half century before the tough Melanesians tolerated them on their islands. Cf. Howe, op. cit., pp. 102 –108.</ref> The arrival of this large group of missionaries, and on a ship of their own, undid much of the damage caused by the fact that Bishop Pompallier, having promised to return within six months, had not appeared after eighteen.