Difference between revisions of "APAC105"

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:On the Sunday of Pentecost, 19 May, Philippe Viard, Jean-Baptiste Comte and Jean-Baptiste Petitjean made their profession in the hands of the superior general, Jean-Claude Colin, assisted by Claude Girard, their novice master, and Pierre Colin, the superior of the house. Jospeh-André Chevron who had only just joined, was to do his novitiate on the ship under the direction of Philippe Viard. Four men, as Colin wrote to Fransoni, full of zeal and courage, of proven virtue, sound doctrine and adequate learning.<ref> CS, doc. 82 [6].</ref>
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:With departure imminent there was a little panic when the Propagation of the Faith had not yet given any money. On 17 May Colin wrote an urgent letter to Meynis, asking for twenty-five or thirty thousand francs as an advance on the coming financial year.<ref> CS, doc. 66. Policy was to wait with disbursements till the end of the financial year.</ref> When exactly the money came is not clear. It may have been after the first two left.<ref> That would explain why Colin gave Petitjean 2.000 francs in hand when he left. Cf. below p. 132.</ref> Before Colin returned to Belley he wrote a gracious letter to the directors and thanked them for their generous support and specifically for their promise to pay for a schooner. The need for a vessel of their own was nicely illustrated by the news Colin just received, that the second group of missionaries had left Valparaiso on the ship of Bishop Rouchouze.<ref> CS, doc. 75.</ref>    
  
  
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:The Fathers Petitjean and Viard left Lyon on Tuesday 21 May, followed by the Fathers Comte and Chevron with Brother Attale on Thursday 23 May. Their departure was announced in the papers on 28 May.<ref> L‘Ami de la Religion, 28.05.39, p. 391: ''quantre missionnaires et un Frère Maristes.''</ref>
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:On the Sunday of Pentecost, 19 May, Philippe Viard, Jean-Baptiste Comte and Jean-Baptiste Petitjean made their profession in the hands of the superior general, Jean-Claude Colin, assisted by Claude Girard, their novice master, and Pierre Colin, the superior of the house. Jospeh-André Chevron who had only just joined, was to do his novitiate on the ship under the direction of Philippe Viard.<ref> Chevron made his profession on 31.05.1840, on Futuna, in the hands of Peter Chanel, EC. op. cit. p. 489.</ref> Four men, as Colin wrote to Fransoni, full of zeal and courage, of proven virtue, sound doctrine and adequate learning.<ref> CS, doc. 82 [6].</ref>
  
  
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:Colin was vividly aware of the sacrifice his missionaries were making and how much it cost them. On Wednesday after Pentecost he wrote to Lagniet in Belley that Petit-Jean and Viard had left and that the other ones would go in a day or two. For three of them leaving must have been particularly painful: ‘The missionaries over whom the Holy Spirit has come down on Pentecost are leaving. The Blessed Virgin has taken three of them by their hair and forced them to leave’.<ref> CS, doc. 70 [2].</ref>  
+
:Again Colin was vividly aware of the sacrifice his missionaries were making and how much it cost them. On Wednesday after Pentecost he wrote to Lagniet in Belley that Petitjean and Viard had left and that the other ones would go in a day or two. For three of them leaving must have been particularly painful: ‘The missionaries over whom the Holy Spirit has come down on Pentecost are leaving. The Blessed Virgin has taken three of them by their hair and forced them to leave’.<ref> CS, doc. 70 [2].</ref>  
  
  
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:Only of Chevron there is a record of saying good-bye to his family. He later described it as the most difficult time of his life. He had asked the parish priest of his home parish to prepare his mother, but when he came to say good-bye she held on to him and did not want to let go without his promise to come back and see her again. He agreed he would, turned off and added: ‘in heaven’.<ref> Chevron to parish priest, 22.05.39, APM, personal file. Cf. CS I, p. 124, n.1.</ref>
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:Only of Chevron there is a record of saying good-bye to his family. He later described it as the most difficult time of his life. He had asked the parish priest of his home parish to prepare his mother, but when he came to say good-bye she held on to him and did not want to let go without his promise to come back and see her again. He agreed he would, turned off and added: ‘in heaven’.<ref> Chevron to parish priest, 22.05.1839, APM, personal file. Cf. CS I, p. 124, n.1.</ref> He appreciated the special trust Colin had in him by sending him to Oceania without further formation, but Colin was a good judge of men. Chevron became an outstanding missionary.<ref>Chevron to Colin 23.11.1839 from Sydney: ''je sens tout le prix de la faveur que vous m’avez faite en m’admettant si facilement au nombre de vos missionnaires.''</ref> At the end of July the superior general wrote a fine and warm letter to Chevron’s mother:‘I would fail in my duty if I did not share your pain, but even more if I did not admire you for having given one of your children to God to be the apostle of those disadvantaged islands’<ref> 30.07.1839. CS, doc. 84 [1].</ref> It is the only letter of its kind found back.
  
 +
=== Group two: half-way to New Zealand, the other way around ===
  
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:They travelled in two groups, part of the way by steamer, to Boulogne and from there,  again  by steamer,<ref> Steam-powered ships took over river transport in France in the 1830’s. In May, Baty told Chanel on Futuna  that there now was a steamship travelling on the Rhône. Writing to Antoine Séon 12.10.39 Chanel expressed his satisfaction that Colin’s travelling would be less demanding in the future! EC, doc. 54 [6]. </ref> in twelve hours to London. Nobody had thought about the practicalities and it was quite a business to even find one another! They could not believe how big London was (sidewalks everywhere!), went on walks, admired Westminster Abbey and London Bridge and got repeatedly lost. They would go out without noting down their own address, and without money in their pockets to take a cab. Afraid to take a coach, they walked for miles! England was a true discovery. They were surprised at how well the British people lived (carpets to the front door!), how calm and composed they were, and how courteous and helpful. They found the food extremely seasoned, enough to melt one’s palate! Of the English language Chevron could only write: ‘It must be the most barbarous language spoken under the sun’. They urged Colin to open a house in London.
 
  
  
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:They booked on the ''Australian Packet'' that they described as a small but new, beautiful and comfortable ship, ''vraiment coquet''! They were given three cabins of their own where they also could say Mass when the weather permitted.  
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:Having left France on 11 September 1838, the second group of missionaries had an easy voyage. When, after three months, on 12 December, they reached Valparaiso, it looked as if they too would get stuck there, like their bishop a year and a half before. Fortunately, a few days after their arrival, Father Maigret who had been stranded at Pohnpei until 28 July<ref> On 10 November the ''Honolulu'' had called at Mangareva. Cf. Jore, II, p. 117. </ref> also arrived on the schooner ''Honolulu'' that he had bought in Hawaii.<ref>[[APAC70|Cf. above, p. 71.]]</ref> He offered to take the Marists to Mangareva, where Bishop Rouchouze wanted the ship for an exploratory trip to the Marquesas Islands. It was foreseen that he would need it for a month. The Marists could stay on Mangareva to learn English and Polynesian.<ref> The Polynesian dialects of the Eastern Pacific were known to be closely related to Maori.</ref> After the return of Bishop Rouchouze the ship would take them via Tahiti to New Zealand, calling at Wallis and Futuna if the winds permitted. Épalle was not much in favour - a waste of time - but he finally agreed because of the opportunity to learn languages. It shows that the superior of the group, Baty, made decisions in consultation with his men. 
  
  
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:Petit-Jean acted as bursar. They had left Lyon with 40.781 francs, and having paid their expenses in London and their fare to Sydney they had 35.060 francs left. The fare to Sydney was probably £ 40, i.e., 1.000 francs; a fraction of what the earlier voyages had cost.<ref> This was the normal fare some years later, cf. Rocher to Poupinel, 10.07.52, [[Girard1156|LRO, doc. 1156]] [4], and to Colin, 15.07.52, [[Girard1158|LRO, doc. 1158]][3]. The fare for five men would explain the difference between 40.781 and 35.060.</ref> 
+
:A thing the missionaries now learned the hard way was to care for the mission goods they brought along. Cases and boxes were not waterproof, clothes had not been packed properly. One cassock had four big holes in it through moisture and mildew. Quite a few things had to be thrown away already. The cases and boxes were not properly labelled and numbered, and there was no list of what each of them contained. Just what was needed to whet the appetite of suspicious customs officers. As a consequence things that should have passed as ''mission goods'', were classed ''merchandise'' for which duty had to be paid. Pompallier had warned them about this<ref>[[Girard0017|LRO, doc. 17]] [8]. That letter written from Valparaiso had reached Lyon in November 1837, months before the second group was appointed. Were the instructions passed to them?</ref> but evidently nobody had taken notice. Thanks to the  Picpus Fathers  they got off lightly, paying no more than 24 piastres, whereby Baty remarked that in Sydney things would probably have been a lot stricter.<ref> APM, Baty to Colin, 25.01.1838. From Pompallier`s letter of 23.12.1837 he could have known that things were a good deal easier in Sydney!</ref> When their goods had to be loaded on the ''Honolulu'', and pass through customs again, the Picpus Fathers were their guardian angels and a good lady was so kind as to make up a proper manifest.   
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:They sailed on 14 June 1839.<ref> Petit-Jean to Colin, 26.05.39 & 06.06.39, Comte to Poupinel, 14.06.39. APM, 1405/20043. [[APAC100|Cf. above, p. 100.]] </ref>
 
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=== Group two: half-way the other way ===
 
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:Having left France on 11 September 1838, the second group of missionaries had an easy voyage. When, after three months, on 12 December, they reached Valparaiso, it looked as if they too would get stuck there, like their bishop a year and a half before. Fortunately, a few days after their arrival, Father Maigret who had been stranded at Pohnpei until 28 July<ref> On 10 November the ''Honolulu'' had called at Mangareva. Cf. Jore, II, p. 117. </ref> also arrived in the schooner ''Honolulu'' that he had bought in Hawaii.<ref>[[APAC70|Cf. above, p. 71.]]</ref> He offered to take the Marists to Mangareva, where Bishop Rouchouze wanted the ship for an exploratory trip to the Marquesas Islands. It was foreseen that he would need it for a month. The Marists could stay on Mangareva to learn English and Polynesian.<ref> The Polynesian dialects of the Eastern Pacific were known to be closely related to Maori.</ref> After the return of Bishop Rouchouze the ship would take them via Tahiti to New Zealand, calling at Wallis and Futuna if the winds permitted. Épalle was not much in favour - a waste of time - but he finally agreed because of the opportunity to learn languages. It shows that the superior of the group, Baty, made decisions in consultation with his men. 
 
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−
 
 
−
:A thing the missionaries now learned the hard way was to care for the mission goods they brought along. Cases and boxes were not waterproof, clothes had not been packed properly. One cassock had four big holes in it through moisture and mildew. Quite a few things had to be thrown away already. The cases and boxes were not properly labelled and numbered, and there was no list of what each of them contained. Just what was needed to whet the appetite of suspicious customs officers. As a consequence things that should have passed as ''mission goods'', were classed ''merchandise'' for which duty had to be paid. Pompallier had warned them about this<ref>[[Girard0017|LRO, doc. 17]] [8]. That letter written from Valparaiso had reached Lyon in November 1837, months before the second group was appointed. Were the instructions passed to them?</ref> but evidently nobody had taken notice. Thanks to the  Picpus Fathers  they got off lightly, paying no more than 24 piastres,<ref> Still 120 francs, something like € 960!</ref> whereby Baty remarked that in Sydney things would probably have been a lot stricter.<ref> APM, Baty to Colin, 25.01.38. From Pompallier`s letter of 23.12.37 he could have known that things were a good deal easier in Sydney!</ref> When their goods had to be loaded on the ''Honolulu'', and pass through customs again, the Picpus Fathers were their guardian angels and a good lady was so kind as to make up a proper manifest.   
 
 
 
  
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:Fr. Baty discovered here that the 8.700 francs that were sent from France in May 1837 had not gone lost but had eventually reached Valparaiso and had been sent on.<ref> This is as much as Baty could tell Colin at that stage. Baty to Colin, 12.01.39. </ref> Transferring money by cheque to Valparaiso had proved easy, but as Maxime Petit found out, it was not a good idea to do it through the shipping company with which one travelled. Settling accounts with the captain for the final fare and the little extras, involves an amount of haggling and one is not in a strong position to haggle with an agent who is holding one’s money! Another lesson for Colin to pass on to the next group: make sure you carry small change and do not try to buy things with large-value coins. Traders and vendors do not want them.  
+
:Fr. Baty discovered here that the 8.700 francs that were sent from France in May 1837 had not gone lost but had eventually reached Valparaiso and had been sent on.<ref> This is as much as Baty could tell Colin at that stage. Baty to Colin, 12.01.1839. </ref> Transferring money by cheque to Valparaiso had proved easy, but as Maxime Petit found out, it was not a good idea to do it through the shipping company with which one travelled. Settling accounts with the captain for the final fare and the little extras, involves an amount of haggling and one is not in a strong position to haggle with an agent who is holding one’s money! Another lesson for Colin to pass on to the next group: make sure you carry small change and do not try to buy things with large-value coins. Traders and vendors do not want them.
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=== Notes ===
 
=== Notes ===
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|-bgcolor=PaleTurquoise
 
|-bgcolor=PaleTurquoise
 
|[[APAC116|'''excursus C''']]
 
|[[APAC116|'''excursus C''']]
 +
|-bgcolor=PaleTurquoise
 +
|[[APAC119|'''chapter seven]]
 +
|-bgcolor=PaleTurquoise
 +
|[[APAC140|'''excursus D''']]
 +
|-bgcolor=PaleTurquoise
 +
|[[APAC142|'''excursus E''']]
 +
|-bgcolor=PaleTurquoise
 +
|[[APAC155|'''excursus F''']]
 +
|-bgcolor=PaleTurquoise
 +
|[[APAC157|'''chapter eight]]
 +
|-bgcolor=PaleTurquoise
 +
|[[APAC183|'''excursus G''']]
 
|-bgcolor=PaleTurquoise
 
|-bgcolor=PaleTurquoise
 
|[[APAC:Epilogue|'''epilogue''']]
 
|[[APAC:Epilogue|'''epilogue''']]

Latest revision as of 18:01, 21 June 2009

Group three leaving

With departure imminent there was a little panic when the Propagation of the Faith had not yet given any money. On 17 May Colin wrote an urgent letter to Meynis, asking for twenty-five or thirty thousand francs as an advance on the coming financial year.[1] When exactly the money came is not clear. It may have been after the first two left.[2] Before Colin returned to Belley he wrote a gracious letter to the directors and thanked them for their generous support and specifically for their promise to pay for a schooner. The need for a vessel of their own was nicely illustrated by the news Colin just received, that the second group of missionaries had left Valparaiso on the ship of Bishop Rouchouze.[3]


On the Sunday of Pentecost, 19 May, Philippe Viard, Jean-Baptiste Comte and Jean-Baptiste Petitjean made their profession in the hands of the superior general, Jean-Claude Colin, assisted by Claude Girard, their novice master, and Pierre Colin, the superior of the house. Jospeh-André Chevron who had only just joined, was to do his novitiate on the ship under the direction of Philippe Viard.[4] Four men, as Colin wrote to Fransoni, full of zeal and courage, of proven virtue, sound doctrine and adequate learning.[5]


Again Colin was vividly aware of the sacrifice his missionaries were making and how much it cost them. On Wednesday after Pentecost he wrote to Lagniet in Belley that Petitjean and Viard had left and that the other ones would go in a day or two. For three of them leaving must have been particularly painful: ‘The missionaries over whom the Holy Spirit has come down on Pentecost are leaving. The Blessed Virgin has taken three of them by their hair and forced them to leave’.[6]


Only of Chevron there is a record of saying good-bye to his family. He later described it as the most difficult time of his life. He had asked the parish priest of his home parish to prepare his mother, but when he came to say good-bye she held on to him and did not want to let go without his promise to come back and see her again. He agreed he would, turned off and added: ‘in heaven’.[7] He appreciated the special trust Colin had in him by sending him to Oceania without further formation, but Colin was a good judge of men. Chevron became an outstanding missionary.[8] At the end of July the superior general wrote a fine and warm letter to Chevron’s mother:‘I would fail in my duty if I did not share your pain, but even more if I did not admire you for having given one of your children to God to be the apostle of those disadvantaged islands’[9] It is the only letter of its kind found back.

Group two: half-way to New Zealand, the other way around

Having left France on 11 September 1838, the second group of missionaries had an easy voyage. When, after three months, on 12 December, they reached Valparaiso, it looked as if they too would get stuck there, like their bishop a year and a half before. Fortunately, a few days after their arrival, Father Maigret who had been stranded at Pohnpei until 28 July[10] also arrived on the schooner Honolulu that he had bought in Hawaii.[11] He offered to take the Marists to Mangareva, where Bishop Rouchouze wanted the ship for an exploratory trip to the Marquesas Islands. It was foreseen that he would need it for a month. The Marists could stay on Mangareva to learn English and Polynesian.[12] After the return of Bishop Rouchouze the ship would take them via Tahiti to New Zealand, calling at Wallis and Futuna if the winds permitted. Épalle was not much in favour - a waste of time - but he finally agreed because of the opportunity to learn languages. It shows that the superior of the group, Baty, made decisions in consultation with his men.


A thing the missionaries now learned the hard way was to care for the mission goods they brought along. Cases and boxes were not waterproof, clothes had not been packed properly. One cassock had four big holes in it through moisture and mildew. Quite a few things had to be thrown away already. The cases and boxes were not properly labelled and numbered, and there was no list of what each of them contained. Just what was needed to whet the appetite of suspicious customs officers. As a consequence things that should have passed as mission goods, were classed merchandise for which duty had to be paid. Pompallier had warned them about this[13] but evidently nobody had taken notice. Thanks to the Picpus Fathers they got off lightly, paying no more than 24 piastres, whereby Baty remarked that in Sydney things would probably have been a lot stricter.[14] When their goods had to be loaded on the Honolulu, and pass through customs again, the Picpus Fathers were their guardian angels and a good lady was so kind as to make up a proper manifest.


Fr. Baty discovered here that the 8.700 francs that were sent from France in May 1837 had not gone lost but had eventually reached Valparaiso and had been sent on.[15] Transferring money by cheque to Valparaiso had proved easy, but as Maxime Petit found out, it was not a good idea to do it through the shipping company with which one travelled. Settling accounts with the captain for the final fare and the little extras, involves an amount of haggling and one is not in a strong position to haggle with an agent who is holding one’s money! Another lesson for Colin to pass on to the next group: make sure you carry small change and do not try to buy things with large-value coins. Traders and vendors do not want them.

Notes

  1. ↑ CS, doc. 66. Policy was to wait with disbursements till the end of the financial year.
  2. ↑ That would explain why Colin gave Petitjean 2.000 francs in hand when he left. Cf. below p. 132.
  3. ↑ CS, doc. 75.
  4. ↑ Chevron made his profession on 31.05.1840, on Futuna, in the hands of Peter Chanel, EC. op. cit. p. 489.
  5. ↑ CS, doc. 82 [6].
  6. ↑ CS, doc. 70 [2].
  7. ↑ Chevron to parish priest, 22.05.1839, APM, personal file. Cf. CS I, p. 124, n.1.
  8. ↑ Chevron to Colin 23.11.1839 from Sydney: je sens tout le prix de la faveur que vous m’avez faite en m’admettant si facilement au nombre de vos missionnaires.
  9. ↑ 30.07.1839. CS, doc. 84 [1].
  10. ↑ On 10 November the Honolulu had called at Mangareva. Cf. Jore, II, p. 117.
  11. ↑ Cf. above, p. 71.
  12. ↑ The Polynesian dialects of the Eastern Pacific were known to be closely related to Maori.
  13. ↑ LRO, doc. 17 [8]. That letter written from Valparaiso had reached Lyon in November 1837, months before the second group was appointed. Were the instructions passed to them?
  14. ↑ APM, Baty to Colin, 25.01.1838. From Pompallier`s letter of 23.12.1837 he could have known that things were a good deal easier in Sydney!
  15. ↑ This is as much as Baty could tell Colin at that stage. Baty to Colin, 12.01.1839.



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